Dosage/Direction for Use
Oral Chronic salt-losing conditions Adult: As modified-release preparation: 2.4-4.8 g (40-80 mmol sodium) daily accompanied by suitable fluid intake. Up to 12 g daily may be necessary in severe cases. Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment may be necessary. Oral Prophylaxis of muscle cramps during routine haemodialysis Adult: As modified-release preparation: 6-10 g every dialysis session. Oral Oral hygiene Adult: As mouthwash: Rinse or gargle as required. Nasal Nasal congestion Adult: As 0.9% solution: Use as required. Child: 0.9% used as nasal drops. Intravenous Replacement of fluid and electrolytes Adult: Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualised and depends on age, weight, fluid/electrolyte condition, and on the patient's clinical and laboratory response to treatment. Intravenous Hypernatraemia Adult: Dosage, rate, and duration of administration are to be individualised and depends on age, weight, clinical condition, and laboratory response to treatment. Irrigation Irrigation of the bladder, eye, general skin and wound cleansing Adult: As 0.9% solution: Use as required. |
Contraindications
Conditions whereby admin of sodium chloride would be detrimental. Not to be used to induce emesis. Sustained release tablets: GI disorders associated with strictures or diverticula.
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Special Precautions
Hypertension, heart failure, peripheral or pulmonary oedema, impaired renal function, liver cirrhosis, preeclampsia. Maintain adequate water intake. Pregnancy. Inj of 3 or 5% sodium chloride solution should be given via a large vein at a rate not exceeding 100 ml/hr. Monitor fluid balance, serum electrolytes and acid base balance espcially during prolonged treatment. Caution when used in patients who are receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin.
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Adverse Reactions
Hypernatraemia; thirst, reduced salivation and lachrymation, fever, tachycardia, hypertension, headache, dizziness, restlessness, irritability and weakness.
Potentially Fatal: Intra-amniotic inj of hypertonic solutions: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal necrosis, cervical and uterine lesions, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia and death. |
Drug Interactions
May affect serum concentrations of lithium.
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Action
Sodium chloride is the major extracellular cation. It is important in electrolyte and fluid balance, osmotic pressure control and water distribution as it restores sodium ions. It is used as a source of electrolytes and water for hydration, treatment of metabolic acidosis, priming solution in haemodialysis and treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes. It is also used as diluents for infusion of compatible drug additives.
Absorption: Well-absorbed from the GI tract. Excretion: Mainly in the urine, with small amounts excreted in the sweat, faeces, tears and saliva. |
ATC Classification
B05XA03 - sodium chloride ; Belongs to the class of electrolyte solutions used in I.V. solutions.
A12CA01 - sodium chloride ; Belongs to the class of sodium-containing preparations. Used as dietary supplements. B05CB01 - sodium chloride ; Belongs to the class of salt solutions used as irrigating solutions. |